The attack targeted the Sistan and Baluchestan Provincial Courthouse on Azadi Street. Provincial deputy police commander Alireza Daliri said the attackers tried to enter disguised as visitors and threw a grenade into the building. Reports said the assault then expanded into gunfire around the courthouse as security forces responded.
The civilian dead included a mother and a child, according to state news agency IRNA. Several of the wounded were reported in critical condition. Eyewitness accounts collected by the Baluch rights group HAALVSH said judiciary employees and security personnel were among those killed or injured, though a complete breakdown was not available.
Iranian media said all three attackers were killed in clashes with security forces. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps' Quds Base said its personnel brought the immediate threat under control. Authorities told residents to avoid the area and keep routes clear for ambulances and security vehicles while people inside the building were evacuated.
Medical teams transferred the injured to hospitals, including Khatam al-Anbiya Hospital. Mohammad Hassan Mohammadi, president of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, said emergency medicine and surgical teams were treating the casualties and that available diagnostic and treatment capacity had been activated.
Jaish al-Adl announced responsibility through its Telegram channel. The group has demanded greater rights and autonomy for ethnic Baloch people and has repeatedly attacked Iranian security forces and border guards. Iran refers to the organization as Jaish al-Zulm, while both Iran and the United States designate it as a terrorist group.
Sistan and Baluchestan borders Pakistan and Afghanistan and is one of Iran's least developed provinces. Much of its Baloch population is Sunni Muslim in a country whose majority is Shiite. Residents and rights advocates have long described economic marginalization, political exclusion and state violence, while the region has also seen armed clashes and cross-border smuggling.
The courthouse assault was reported as Jaish al-Adl's deadliest attack in Iran since an October 2024 ambush killed 10 police officers. Iranian authorities opened an investigation after securing the site. Although early reports initially listed six deaths, later accounts clarified that the overall toll of nine included the three attackers. Jaish al-Adl had carried out other significant operations in the province. In early 2024 it claimed the killing of three Revolutionary Guard officials, and later that year coordinated attacks on military, intelligence and police sites in Chabahar, Rask and Sarbaz. Those clashes reportedly killed 21 security personnel and 18 militants.
